PMID: J Food Biochem. 2021 Nov 18:e13998. Epub 2021 Nov 18. PMID: 34792197 Abstract Title: Crocetin attenuating Urinary tract Infection and adherence of uropathogenic E. coli in NRK-52E cells via an inflammatory pathway. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are commonly treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, but treatment has limitation due to causes of nephrotoxicity in uroepithelial cells. Recently, the researcher focuses their research on alternative therapy for the treatment of UTI. This study evaluated the anti-infectious effect of crocetin against adherence of pathogenic [2-C]-acetate labeled Escherichia coli (MTCC-729) to rat proximal renal tubular cells (NRK-52E cells) and explores the possible mechanism of action.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro cytotoxicity and radio acetate labeled tests were performed on NRK-52E cells. The rats were divided into five different groups as follows: normal control (NC), disease control (DC), and various doses of crocetin (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg) treated group rats. White blood cells in blood, urine, and bacterial colony counts were estimated at regular intervals. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-8 (IL-8), were also estimated. In the current study, we estimated the mRNA expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) in the renal and bladder tissues.RESULTS: Crocetin significantly (p
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