PMID: J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2021 Dec 10:100531. Epub 2021 Dec 10. PMID: 34903438 Abstract Title: Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 0137 fermented red Moringa oleifera exhibits protective effects in mice challenged with Salmonella typhi via TLR3/TLR4 inhibition and down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Abstract: Salmonella typhi is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium that threatens health. S. typhi infection exacerbated the antibiotic resistance problem that needs alternative strategies. Moringa oleifera possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. However, there is a lack of information about the pharmacological value of red M. oleifera. The fermentation of red M. oleiferaleaves extract (RMOL) is expected to add to its nutritional value. The present study aimed to evaluate non-fermented RMOL (NRMOL) and fermented RMOL (FRMOL) effects on S. typhi infection in mice. Female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into eight groups. The treatment groups were orally administered with NRMOL or FRMOL at doses 14, 42, and 84 mg/kg BW during the 28 days experimental period. Then S. typhi was introduced to mice through intraperitoneal injection except in the healthy groups. The NRMOL or FRMOL administration was continued for the next seven days. Cells that expressed CD11bTLR3, CD11bTLR4, CD11bIL-6, CD11bIL-17, CD11bTNF-α, and CD4CD25CD62Lwere assessed by flow cytometry. Our result suggested that NRMOL and FRMOL extracts significantly reduced (p
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